The primary role of adipocytes is to store energy in the form of triacylglycerol during times when input exceeds expenditure and to break down this stored lipid into free fatty acids when energy is required. Obesity results when energy input persistently exceeds energy expenditure, causing both hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adipocytes. In the past several decades, obesity and obesity-related diseases have become extremely common, with prevalence in rates skyrocketing among certain groups and communities, as traditional dietary approaches to combat obesity have largely failed. Adipose tissue has a remarkable ability to undergo considerable changes in volume during the lifespan of an individual. Although relatively small increases in volume can be accommodated by changes in the amount of lipid stored in individual adipocytes (hypertrophy), larger changes are mediated by the generation of new dipocytes (hyperplasia) accompanied by coordinated expansion and remodeling of the adipose vasculare.These changes are mediated by a population (or populations) of stem and progenitor cells within adipose tissue. Thus, for many years researchers studied the adipogenic potential of preadipocytes within the stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue. Subsequently, some new research have shown that in addition to committed adipogenic and vascular cells, such as smooth muscle cells and endothelium, adipose tissue contains a multipotent cell population with properties that are similar, although not identical, to those of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) which have potential to differentiate into many cell lineages varying from adipogenic precursors, osteogenic precursors, chondrogenic precursors to myogenic precursors. Here, we named this cells obtained from adipose tissue as adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs).The aim of this paper is to illuminate the biological property and multipotentials of the porcine AMSCs, so as to apply AMSCs to diseases therapy and bioactive compounds production in future, and subsequently to establish the porcine AMSCs. For above reasons, the isolation, culture, proliferation and growth characteristics, surface markers, and in vitro differentiation of piglet AMSCs were assayed. The results are as follows:1. The AMSCs can be derived from porcine subcutaneous adipose tissue and can be sub-cultured and expanded stably. In our test, the AMSCs were successfully derived and sub-cultured to the 21 passages. The pMSCs have been expanded to 1.0×108 cells.