Based on theories of sustainable development and industrial ecology, the dissertation is intended to provide an industrial ecological framework for analysis of industrial structures evolution. Natural resources and environment, besides labor, land and capital, are considered to be key factors of the industrial ecological mechanism of industrial structures evolution. Ecological benefits as well as economic benefits are regarded as fundamental principles in this mechanism. All the factors interact together to exercise influence on industrial structures and their evolution path.Problems and their relevant causes in the industrial structures of China are discussed based on theoretical and empirical analysis of natural resources efficiency and environmental efficiency in consideration of economic globalization and requirements for future economic development of China. Then, the industrial ecological mechanism and its implications on policy are investigated.Furthermore, the strategy and practice of circular economy in China are observed in order to find out an industrial ecological evolution path for the industrial structures in China.It is concluded that the industrial ecological evolution path will be a considerable solution for sustainable economic development of China in consideration of restraints of natural resources and environment.