Analysis of the Entrepreneurial Economy and Employment
The entrepreneurial economy involves a kind of economic form which takes the expertise and entrepreneurial spirit as the core production factor, innovation as the primary means, the small and medium-sized enterprises as micro-economic foundation, and adopts entrepreneurial mechanism to promote the economic development constantly. In the seventies of the 20th century, the entrepreneurial economy emerged in the United States firstly. A large number of entrepreneurs with entrepreneurial thinking set up many entrepreneurial enterprises, which has drived the sustained economic growth of the United States and created the vast majority of new job opportunities. All above, Peter Drucker, a well-known management expert puts forward the concept of entrepreneurial economy in 1985, and stressed that the U.S. economy was transiting from a managed economy to an entrepreneurial economy. In recent years, as the entrepreneurial activity has the deeper impact on the economic development, the entrepreneurship economy began to be concerned widely in all countries. Because the market-based economy plays an importance role to promote the deepening division of labor, technological progress and economic development, and therefore the study and counter strategies on the basic attributes and the mechanism that entrepreneurship leads to the employment, has a practical significance to promote entrepreneurial nation-building, to change the mode of economic development and to solve the increasingly serious employment problem. Domestic and foreign scholars have undertaken extensive research on the entrepreneurial economy and employment-related issues from different angles and made a number of classical conclusions. However, in the process of analyzing related issues, the parties focus on some factors to discuss entrepreneurial economy and employment problems, ignore some invisible evidences to realize the entrepreneurial economy, such as the original cause, the causes and economic attributes of the depth mining-based economy formation, etc. to varying degrees, and makes rare theory research on the process and the mechanism how the entrepreneurship leads to the employment. This article makes further research on the reasons, characteristics, attributes and the realization mechanism how entrepreneurial economies improve employment on the basis of the existing research results, and I expect to make the research move forward.The essay is divided into six chapters, and the chapter one is the introduction.The chapter two is literature review. This chapter first traces original theory of entrepreneurial economy. From the perspective of the history of ideas, theories on the entrepreneurial economy are relatively comprehensive. The entrepreneurs in the early economic thinking took essential functions in the process of economic growth, as the key role of production, circulation, distribution, but with the rising of the neo-classical economics, the entrepreneurial theory disappeared, until recent two or three decades, the prosperity of the entrepreneurial research has been reproduced. With the more normative research methods, the more broaden the research perspective, the theory on the entrepreneurial economy developed gradually from the study on entrepreneurs to a nature of the economic characteristics, micro-economic basis of the economic form, etc. in economic form. It can be said that economic theory has made analysis on the entrepreneurial economy to some extent from many angles. Secondly, the concept related to the entrepreneurship economy are carded and defined. On bases of the analysis of the concepts of innovation and entrepreneurship and the relationship between the two, I try to refine "consensus" of the scholars in the entrepreneurship economy, and according to that , the entrepreneurial economy is defined that the entrepreneurial economy involves a kind of economic form which takes the expertise and entrepreneurial spirit as the core production factor, innovation as the primary means, the small and medium-sized enterprises as micro-economic foundation, and adopts entrepreneurial mechanism to promote the economic development constantly. Thirdly, the relationship between entrepreneurial and employment in the entrepreneurship economy is reviewed. As it is seen that there are mostly experience and empirical analysis the analysis on how the entrepreneurial venture brings the employment, and relevant conclusions were drawn. While the study on the realization mechanism that the employment business leads to the employment is relatively weak. Finally, it makes a brief evaluation about the theory related to the entrepreneurial economy and employment.The chapter three analyzes on the causes and the attribute of the entrepreneurship economy. Firstly, this chapter makes in-depth study on the source of the entrepreneurship economy. In the macro level, the continuous development of productive forces and upgrade of the industrialization level is the original cause of the entrepreneurship economy; the emergence of a knowledge-based economy is the main driving force to promote entrepreneurship economy; information technology and globalization are the necessary conditions for economic operations; the supporting policies are the external driving force to promote entrepreneurial economic development. In the micro level, the change of the market structure and the business scale, the continuous expanding of business investment, the enhancing consumption demand for human personalized, and changes in labor relations are the main reason to promote entrepreneurship economy. Secondly, it sums up the basic characteristics of entrepreneurial economy and makes in-depth research on economic attributes from an economic point of view. The basis for entrepreneurial economic system is rooted in the market economy, and it is essentially an entrepreneurial economy, with the expertise and entrepreneurial spirit as the core, and takes the small and medium-sized as the micro-economic foundation, and is an economic form based on the division of labor in high degree.The chapter four involves the regional environmental assessment, existing problems and international experience of the entrepreneurial economic development in China. Firstly, the chapter makes the evaluation and empirical tests on the regional environment. It designs China\'s regional business environment evaluation system ,uses factor analysis to discuss the merit and weakness extent of regional business environment , uses cluster analysis to analyze various regions and business environment in China which is divided into five categories: the resource-poor, the resource-rich, the coastal open, the economic developed and the entrepreneurial freely. Secondly, it studies China\'s entrepreneurial economy problems of economic development, which mainly demonstrates as follows: the foundation of the entrepreneurial economy development is weak, the development is controlled by institution, the entrepreneurial education lags behind, the entrepreneurial culture and talent are deficient, the access of resources is more difficult, the social service of the entrepreneur corporate is in shortage. Finally, it summarizes the international comparisons and experience of the entrepreneurial economic development and concludes: the entrepreneurial business policy is the protection of economic development, the entrepreneurial investment is a necessary condition for economic development, the entrepreneurial education is an important guarantee of the entrepreneurial economic development, and the entrepreneurial culture is the external request of the entrepreneurial economic development.The chapter five involves the realization mechanism that the entrepreneurship leads to employment in the entrepreneurial economy. Firstly, it analyzes the relations between entrepreneurship and employment. Secondly, it makes in-depth statement on the realization mechanism that the entrepreneurship leads to employment in the entrepreneurial economy. On one hand, the activities of the division of labor and entrepreneurship to meet arising human needs is the premise to achieve the realization mechanism that the entrepreneurship leads to employment, the entrepreneurship to meet the demand is the driving force of the realization mechanism; the expansion and deepening of the division of labor led by the entrepreneurship ultimately realizes the mechanism. On the other hand, the industrial structure of the entrepreneurial economy which the tertiary industry dominates provides the industrious base for the mechanism that the entrepreneurship leads to employment; the strong ability of tertiary industry to absorb labor force gives a realistic guarantee of employment. Finally, it works out the mathematical analysis and concluded that how the entrepreneurship leads to employment, the new industry conducted by the entrepreneurship plays a clear part in enhancing the level of employment, the key of realization depends on whether it can break the fixed labor in the existing industry, expand the original scope of the labor market, and adopt more resources into an optional production collection. The chapter six is conclusions and suggestions. On the bases of the above conclusions, this chapter gives the countermeasures and suggestions for the entrepreneurship economy of China: First, it is necessary to foster entrepreneurship culture atmosphere with the core of the innovative and entrepreneur spirit; Second, we must strengthen the guiding function of the services and business policies; The third is the need to strengthen the development of SMEs; The fourth is the need to strengthen entrepreneurial education; the fifth is the need to create the institutional environment which is beneficial for the entrepreneurship economy development.