Nowadays developing circular economy and building a resource-efficient andenvironment-friendly society has become the primary target of China's development.The essence is to innovatively build up a developing model for major powers underthe circumstances of natural capital scarcity; the core theory is the concept ofresource productivity (RP) that has been increasingly important worldwide since the1990s, which also becomes the common theory tool for economic growth andenvironmental protection.This paper adopts concept of RP to deepen our research on the theory of building aresource-efficient and environment-friendly society in China, which will easy tocommunicate with international academe. Seizing firmly the theory and methodologyof RP, this study will concentrate on three aspects including the construction of atheoretical framework of RP which will be appropriate for China, the analysis ofappropriate scenario until 2020 and prompting strategies for improvement of RP inChina. Through the research on these three aspects, the study tries to providereasonable theoretical support and strategic guidance for the further research onbuilding a resource-efficient and environment-friendly society.The following three findings and innovation are carried out:1. Abstracting a theoretical framework of RP that fits for China. Through theliterature review, the next research orientation of this study is clarified, that is toconstruct a framework of the theory, methodology, and application for resourceproductivity that fits for China. Based on these analyses, the study builds theframework on these three angles: the economic analysis and the theoreticalimportance of RP, the evaluating method and the indicator system of RP, and thegeneral application framework of RP in production, consumption and urbandevelopment.2. Constructing an appropriate scenario until 2020 for improvement of RP in China.Firstly, this paper constructs the scenario analysis framework of RP with the IPATformula, combined with the qualitative and quantitative analysis, the rationality ofappropriate scenario until 2020 in China is testified based on the analysis of threedifferent scenarios. Eventually, the model of the appropriate scenario is discussed bythe following indicators: water productivity, energy productivity, land productivity,raw material productivity, COD productivity, SO_2 productivity and solid wasteproductivity. 3. Discussing the prompting strategies for improvement of RP in China, this willoffer a new angle of view for new industrialization, new urbanization and newmodernization in China. Prompting strategies for appropriate scenario can be dividedinto three levels: macro, micro and mid-scale studies. First and foremost,macroscopic potentiality to enhance RP is exploited in the process of industrialecological transformation. Taken the energy as a major example, with the case studyof SCIP, new industrialization prompting strategies on RP are discussed from threeperspectives: industrial structure, industrial formation and industrial system.Secondly mid-scale potentiality is exploited in the spaces of a city. Focused on theland resource, the new urbanization prompting strategies on RP from input end,throughput end and output end three segments are discussed, and the Jiangqiao modeis analyzed as an empirical case. Last but not the least; microscopic potentiality isexploited in the model of performance economy. Citing the raw materials as a chiefillustration, through the network of government, enterprise and public three mainpartners, prompting strategies of modernization and sustainable consumption patternon RP are discussed, with the prompting strategies that give priority to publictransport in Shanghai as a case study.