Nowadays, geography instruction is faced with a difficult situation, for it is belittled by the society, school, parents. So changing this kind of unfavorable situation is a major problem of the research on the present theory of geography instruction. The essence of the research on geography is included in value orientation, aim establishment, reform of content and method construct. The present research has great significance beyond this century for both a change in the present situation and the development of the theory of geography instruction. In the author?s opinion, the broadly world-wide background should be taken into account in order to shake off the difficulty geography faced, i.e. pursue the threshold from macroscopical and microcosmic. The sustainable development and knowledge economy provide. Chances for geography reform and implementation of quality education is regarded as the basis new theory of geography instruction. The introductory part has a complete elaboration of the background, the significance, the present situation and method of the present study, which is guided by the thought, route, orientation, method and aim. The part of value orientation objectively demonstrates the time background and the task of geography instruction and puts forward ideas that the sustainable development is an important component of geography thought and the guideline. The education of environment awareness plays a crucial part in geography instruction. The vale orientation consists of environment education, cultural transition of creativity, shape of world-wide concept and cognition-acquisition. As a result, a holistic survey is needed in order to have a complete understanding between society and individual, science and humanity, knowledge and intellect and internationalization and nationalization respectively. The part of aim establishment discusses the influences of various educational thoughts on geography instruction in modern or ancient times, and in China or elsewhere, evaluates the aim of geography instruction abroad. In author抯 Opinion, geography instruction morally aims at world-wide awareness, ability aim pursuit of contemporary geography instruction demands development of students?creativity and their social technical ability. It is necessary for us to make * some reinforcement of scientific principle and theoretical knowledge of geography. The logical start and final stop of this study are made via the presentations of value stereotype as its orientation, the establishment of relationship between students and Teachers as assurance of the aim of geography, the set-up of framework of aim as carrier of the qualities of geography talents, and some identification of knowledge, ability and morality. The part of reform simply examines the development of geography instruction, and a conclusion is thus made the establishment 01 harmomous relationship among popuiatlon, naiur~u resources, environment and development, which provided material foundation for the reform of geography instruction, is needed for human choice and identification of geographical research, and outline of reform is proposed, which is based on the practical, intellectual and developed values, guided by fundamentality, problematical and advancement, foreground by the cultivation of sustainable development idea between human and Earth, and