In this age, vocational education is both facing the greatest expectation ever and standing in the image of 'second-rate education'. The institutional change have become one of the hottest issues in the field of vocational education research. However, institutional change can not be realized by simply criticizing the existing institution and design a rational alternative scheme. The issue of vocational education institution is a complex issue, we have to understand it by a complex analysis, and then maybe we could hold future based on it.The main objective of this research is as follows: by using the theoretical tools and analysis approach of sociology and institutional economics, to understand how the vocational education institution came into being from a historical perspective; try to construct an analysis framework of the being ,change of vocational education institution; analysis the different efficiency level state in the different function perspective of vocational education.For the theoretical sense, the reach may: a), has the foundational value to the vocational education disciplinary development for its creation of a vocational education analysis framework; b). has the implemental value to the vocational education policy research for its providing a conceptual analysis framework. And for our country's vocational education developing practice, the research may be supportive to: a), make the further understanding of the function and the efficiency of the institution; b). analysis the interest conflicts and advance the institutional creation.There are five chapters in the dissertation: Chapter 1: Introduction. Based on the analysis of background, put forward the research issue: how the vocational education institution came into being? How to create an analysis framework to investigate the change of vocational education institution? How to assess the efficiency of vocational education institution? Then set up the appropriate research approach including historical analysis, sociological function analysis, economic institution analysis. Build the whole research scheme.Chapter 2: Conception, theoretical foundation and review of previous research. Firstly analysis the key term 'institution', deciding the vocation education institution in the research is 'a steady action manner and structure state of vocational education, which is base on some consensus and order concerned of vocational education, and being adjusted and controlled by some forcing or authoritative rules.' Then reviewed some relative theories in sociology and institutional economics, considering the theories of function, structure, conflicts and agencies in sociology to be the theoretical foundation of the research, the economic man assume and the institutional analysis by cost-benefit analysis, game theory in institutional economics is the theoretical analysis tool. Review the previous research of the education and vocational education institution in the area of education research, reflex the perspective and direction of the education institutional analysis.Chapter 3: Historical perspective: The being of the vocational education institution. Make the historical and comparative analysis to the British and German cases in industrial revolution. The main conclusions are: a). The being of vocational education institution answering double function needs, mainly the function of society integration and control in British case and mainly the function of economic for supplying the technical workforce in German case; b). The relationship of vocational education and general education is the key issue in the process of vocational education institution come into being; c). The enterprises play a very important role in the process of of vocational education institution come into being.Chapter 4: Factors and path: Being and change of vocational education institution. In the aspect of factors, based on the stakeholder theory, analysis the characteristics of main game playing subjects including country, educational organizations, enterprises, target groups; in the aspect of path, analysis the role of some Quasi-parameters including politics culture in the educational system, knowledge values and education values, which decide the game pattern of stakeholders, construct the path-dependence in the process of vocational education institution come into being and change. Based on the previous chapter's case analysis, concluding there are two typical path of vocational education institution, which are complementary path and independent path. This chapter build a theoretical framework to investigate the process of vocational education institution come into being and change, which is one of the theoretical production of the research.Chapter 5: Functional perspective: the efficiency of vocational education institution. Vocational education institution support the function of vocational education, and particular vocational education institution restrict the function of vocational education. This chapter analysis the institutional restrict factors respectively to the social and economic functions of vocational education, and the institutional question of how to realize the filter and who should invest. Finally investigate the two 'rational institution'—based on social equity and based on human resource development. This is the other the theoretical production of the research.