Currently work safety situation is still severe, though it is improved in current China. How to reduce work safety accidents, and enhance safety consciousness of the whole people are not only difficult problems that should be urgently solved by the theory circle, but also urgent needs for the harmonious development of society in our country. Undoubtedly, constructing enterprise safety culture, and achieving inbeing safety of person provide fundamental approaches to settling these problems, while the scientific and objective assessment of enterprise safety culture is a foundation task of construction of enterprise safety culture, furthermore offers targets, directions, and action guides to constructing enterprise safety culture.Based on the viewpoint above, with the in-depth analysis and research of the existing literature, the definition and category of enterprise safety culture are put forward; the assessment system of enterprise safety culture is established based on the human error theory; the corresponding index system is designed; the suitable evaluation model is founded; and safety culture of target enterprise is assessed practically in this dissertation. The innovation in this dissertation is as follows:Firstly, beginning with two dimensions of safety and culture, the definition of the scope of safety culture is divided into four quadrants based on the differences between public safety and production safety, broad-sense culture and narrow-sense culture, and the definitions of safety culture existing in academe are classified and located in the four-quadrant, so four paths to define safety culture are made clear. The author demonstrates the standpoint that safety culture should be defined in category of public safety and narrow-sense culture, gives the definition of safety culture in this dissertation, then points out the culture attribute, safety category, and enterprise boundary concerning enterprise safety culture, thus defines the concept of enterprise safety culture in this dissertation.Secondly, commencing with the human error theory, the author traces human errors back to their cultural root in the complex socio-technical system, as thus establishes the assessment system of enterprise safety culture and its conceptual model, in which decision level, management level, and execution level are principal parts, which is studied from two aspects of macroscopic and microscopic, which is described from two perspectives of period and time point, and which is discussed in two environments of external and interior.Thirdly, it offers the in-depth contrast and analysis on safety culture and safety climate from four aspects of definition, research scope, research perspective, and dimension, for these two concepts are unclear in definition and confused on the research field of safety culture. Grounded on the analysis of the defect and deficiency of research results available, two index systems of enterprise safety culture, which are distinguished as the index system of enterprise safety culture and the index system of enterprise safety climate, are designed from different aspects and perspectives, and then the evaluation standards and the investigation methods of each index are put forward in detail.Fourthly, factor system reconstructability analysis method (FSRA) and principal component analysis method (PCA) are chosen as the evaluation method of enterprise safety culture with the detailed demonstration on applicability of these two method; depended on the deep analysis of characteristics of enterprise safety culture index systems in the evaluation modeling perspective, the practical evaluation model of enterprise safety culture is established, which combines FSRA with PCA in use; accordingly it offers an operable and constructive path solving puzzles during the assessment of enterprise safety culture that the index systems are large and complicated, that the sample space is not large enough, and that historical data which can be directly utilized are wanting.