With the rapid development of Internet technology, the increasing user and massive data bring the new challenge for the distributed storage technology. On the other hand, with the development of peer-to-peer computing paradigm, network bandwith and the capacity of Internet-based end-systems, the end-systems ignored in the past becomes a valued computing resource. How to utilize the end-systems resources to build a distributed storage system with large-scale, high scalability, reliability and performance in dynamic peer-to-peer network environment is a hot research topic in recently years.Based on systematically summarizing the relevant works on distributed storage technology and peer-to-peer technology, this dissertation focuses on the related technologies of P2P-based distributed storage and gains several achievements on sub domains and related technologies. The major contributions of this dissertation are as below:1. This dissertation designs a P2P-based distributed storage system: PeerStore. Based on a highly scalable P2P architecture, PeerStore organizes large numbers of nodes distributed in Internet into a united overlay network and builds P2P-based distributed storage system by utilizing the end-systems resources ignored in the past. Featuring with effective routing mechanism, adaptive replication management, reputation mechanism and incentive mechanism, PeerStore provides users with efficient, reliable, massive storage service.2. This dissertation presents a novel effective P2P route algorithm: PNS-PGrid. Recent work confirms that this property of Proximity Neighbor Selection(PNS) has a significant impact on peer-to-peer network routing performance. So the PNS technology is adopted by the PNS-PGrid algorithm. In PNS-PGrid, the node selects the nearest neighbors when building the routing table, while in P-Grid the node random selects neighbors. The PNS technology makes the P2P overlay topology matching the underlying physical topology. So this decreases the latency of searching and locating file, and improves the performance