The dissertation systematically examines the conceptions, the history, the backgrounds, the theories and the studies of ecological psychology.Ecological psychology is a new movement in current psychology, and now becoming a more attractive methodology of psychology. It protests the research of psychology and behavior in real environment, namely, we should research real behavior and psychological process occurring naturally. On the basis of the ecological realism, the ecological psychologists have reconceptualized animal and environment as an inseparable and reciprocal pair, and they see the principle of reciprocity as the central insight within ecological psychology. Especially the ecological psychologists have devised and used many technologies that can keep the occurring nature of psychology and behavior, such as quasi-experiment designs, naturalistic methods, experiential sampling methods, etc. Compared with the main psychology, it can better meet the exigent needs of the real life for psychological studies, and its studies accord with the real conditions of the organism's psychology and behavior. Up to now, it is widely studied and used in many branches of psychology.The growth of this approach is in terms with the problems of main psychological approach. The ecological approach is likely to conquer the "artificiality" of the main psychology. Because of its special role in solving the crisis of the present psychology and its correspondence with the developing trends of psychology, it is necessary to analyze it comprehensively so that will make it popular in our researches.