During the Great Cultural Revolution, like elsewhere, a variety of mass organizations sprang up in Fujian, among which the so-called Peasant Organization in the Old Liberated Area (OLA), scattered all over the province, stood out After the Peasant Movement in the OLA in Fujian came up, it quickly flourished and spread to other areas in Fujian, with two ups and downs and sad but stirring ending. It was not rare for peasants to be involved in the Great Cultural Revolution, but only in Fujian did the peasants flaunt the banner of the Peasant Movement in the OLA. As the Peasant Organization of the OLA consisted of a large number of cadres of the OLA, such as former underground party members and guerillas, it took on a mysterious coloring. The problem of OLA, which broke out in the form of the Peasant Movement during the Great Cultural Revolution, had its historical origins. It was not until the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the C.P.C that this historical problem that troubled our Party for a long time was truly solved. Based on Marxist scientific approach to historical analysis and abundant accumulated historical archives, this paper intends to make a deep survey of this process.