The subject ,called Research on the Synonym System of the Monosyllabic Adjectives in Hanshu, studied by the large cultural heritage Hanshu, is according to its abstruse and the written form language of the model completely but finely study, select by examinations among them have the representative adjectives of monosyllabic conduct and actions point research object, using the research methods of connecting transverse and lengthwayswhich means Hanshu, a Han Dynasty for displaying language feature make to break the on behalf the hour flat surface to describe totally, at the same time to an each a phrase for the familiar-meaning phrases inside again proceed to last to scan, then trace back to these phrases previously Qin's classic, the cultural heritage of Zhuziand 24 usage in the history circumstance, merge the department at modern Chinese inside of actual with substantial evidence this kind of totally hour study. The purpose is to confidence these phrases of development the track completely and deeply, for Chinese of actual application especially remit the history of the familiar-meaning phrases in Chinese of some dependable and basic data in offering and the research conclusion.This paper consists of 7 parts:1. introductory;2. Hanshu and the research on the language in Hanshu;3. an overview of the synonym of he ancient Chinese;4.the definition of the common sememes of monosyllabic adjectives in Hanshu,5. the analysis of the synonym among monosyllabic adjectives;6. the pattern aquired in showing synonym system on monosyllabic adjectives in Hanshu;7. the characteristics on monosyllabic adjectives in Hanshu and the influences to the evolution of Chinese.Altogether 141 homonym patterns are defined with the guidance of the contexts of Hanshu and the commentaries and the research papers available. Based on a thorough investigation of contexts of all the twenty of the 141 synonym patterns recognized, the author managed to confirm each of the sememes and make a comparision between the sememes in order to recognize the difference of the meanings between the synonym even though certain common sememes are confirmed, resulting the recognition of eight models by which the synonym co-exist, tallied up the characteristics of the monosyllabic adjectives. We come to realize that these characteristics have important influences to the evolution of Chinese.