This dissertation has systematically studied the organization systems, mechanism, actions, phases of government supervision, and main part administration and supervision. The main contents are summarized as follows:Organizational systems and mechanism. For organizational systems, this dissertation, based on the theories of systems engineering, management, economics and government regulation, exposes eight traits of government management and supervision, including systematic character, objective inherence, legislation character, social character, market, economic character, service character and international character. Through investigation of international experience and domestic practices, the dissertation also expounds the tendency of government supervision reformation, which includes: supervision and management contents, working manners, and working methods should be transformed. For mechanism, this dissertation presents a new management mechanism for efficient allocation of supervisory resources which is characterized by separation of management function with supervision function, limited competition by combination of area allocation and project entrustment. In addition, this dissertation establishes a quantitative system of supervision market administration by constructing performance assessment rating system and gray evaluation method for supervision institutions, and an improved AHP analysis based on group decision to supervise entrusted biding for supervisory project.Study of supervision market action with management Game Theory. This dissertation discloses the principal-agent relationship between government administration department and supervision institution. Then incentive mechanism for reducing ethics risk of supervision institution is also presented by designing optimal contract, introducing competition mechanism, implementing limited allocation and strengthening reputation incentive. It also discusses the Game action relationship between supervision institution and government administration department under market economic system. Besides, this dissertation analyzes multi-factor, multi-level and multi-stage Game countermeasures for supervision institution and construction main body. And it builds modified functions of players' benefits for eliminating their irrational results of game analysis. Finally it uncovers the Markov process of population learning behavior and common-plot action between supervision institution and the owner during acceptance of completed projects.Study of staged regulation with combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Firstly this dissertation expounds main contents of administration and supervision in pre-construction, construction and post-construction stages. Secondly it presents an evaluation system and a multi-step fuzzy comprehensive method for enhancing scientific supervision action and decision by using evaluation of implementation ability and acceptance records of completed projects. Finally it conceives the possibility of fulfilling juridical person responsibility system and supervision engineer responsibility system by practicing twice evaluations of acceptance records of completed projects.At last, this dissertation studies government administration and supervision of three parts: foundation, body structure and environmental quality, based on input-output theory. First, it uncloses the essence and traits of quality problems in these parts. Second, it discusses management and supervision contents of each quality formation phase. Third, it points out that input quality, transform quality, and output quality should be equally paid attention, with the input quality being stressed; economic and legislation measures should both be used, with the economic measures being the central one; motivating and penalizing methods should both be used, with the motivating method being stressed.