China is a large country standing erect in the east part of the world. It is a country with the fecture of large population. There are about 30 millions ethnic Chinese in all corners of the land except for 13 billions Chinese people in the main land. The formation of the wide scope of ethnic Chinese is the result of the globally rapid expands of the capitalism and the result of the huge need of cheep labor forces of Capital. The formation of the countries and colonies in which capitalist mode of production is a main way promotes the disintegrate of Chinese feudal natural economy and the emergence of the capitalist mode of production. The lawful bond of the common nationlity, as well as the same blood bond and cultural tradition, connects thousands of millions of the ethnic Chinese with China. From the late Qing dynasty, every session of Chinese government have all worked out and promulgated nationlity law to make sure yhe relationship of the ethnic Chinese with China. This article gives a comprehensive description and relation about the interests relationship between the Chinese government and the ethnic Chinese based on the four Chinese nationlity laws, two important nationality bilateral agreements concerning ethnic Chinese, the active support of ethnic Chinese to china's interests and the greatest safeguard of the Chinese's interests. The reseach objective of this article is to offer some suggestious to the 21th century's affairs and work concerning nationals living abroad of Chinese government through the review of the history and the analysis of the past policy concerning nationals living abroad. This article is written based on the theory of historical materialism of Marxism.Seeing that this article is the conbination of the subjects of history, law and the China and foreign relationship. Its main research way is comparative research, guantitative analysis and guanlitative analysis research.