At the beginning of 21st century, the international oil price rises violently, green tide happens frequently, the conflict with sovereign right is aggravated, and the international interests'pattern makes a variation. All these seem to indicate the fourth oil crisis will come soon. How to ensure energy security represented by petroleum security becomes a difficult problem which various countries need solve. From developing in last century to the present, petroleum security has already permeated through economic security, resource security and environmental security from military security and politics security. The reply of petroleum security needs a comprehensive countermeasure system. In which, law is indispensable based on legal position. Restricted by the various factors such as politics and economic system, petroleum and energy legislation is long-term vacant in China. Facing the increasing stern petroleum security situation, China needs to establish a set of petroleum security guarantee legal system urgently to ensure petroleum security on resource, environment and economy.Theory of sustainable development as well as related theory of market economic and national intervention offers theoretical basis for founding petroleum security guarantee legal system. The international influencing factors such as WTO as well as the reform of petroleum system are the practice foundations for founding petroleum security guarantee legal system. Principle of developing energy, economic and environment in phase and regarding government supervision and market mechanism as equally important are the purpose principle and tool principle respectively that should be followed to found China petroleum security guarantee legal system. The choice of frame and system of China petroleum security guarantee legal system should comply with the universal petroleum law, but want more leading. From the beginning of the 1990s to the present, China's identity goes to the net oil import country from the oil export country, while has not aroused the change from Petroleum Mining Industry Law to Petroleum Supplying Law; entering 21 century, Petroleum Consuming Law becomes the newest tendency of international petroleum security legislation. The system choice of Chinese petroleum security law will at the same time stride across this