From their special attributes such as nongovernmental,nonprofit-distributing, voluntary ,etc, NPO are acting as the roles that are difficult to be substituted by the governmental and profit enterprise organizations in many aspects such as mobilizing social resources,supply public goods and service,promoting social coordination and governance,developing economy,maintaining equity and justice ,building civil society,meeting pluralistic demands of citizens and so on. But NPO is also need leadership. Weather public interest activity or mutual interest activity,NPO should integrate and utility precious resource effectually,so possessing effective leadership is prerequisite,otherwise,NPO will lose the existence and development significanceThe leadership of CNPO face to organizations development problem,development scale of CNPO in developing primary stage is far away from development country; the other rigorous problem is that CNPO face special problem in the process of transforming self-governance; complex problem from basic attribute of NPO and special character of CNPO.The advantage and function of non-profitable organizations make NPO praised by the public,but the advantage ask the leadership develop their ability highly .NPO is different from profitable organization in these aspects such as setting target and mission,thought consciousness, financing channel,the right-responsibility match of organization,leading volunteers, staff stimulation, internal organizational structure ,performance evaluation,all these differences increase the difficulty of NPO leadership. From the point of view of leadership science ,these differences can express 3 aspects: the different relationship between leader and follower; the different basis of decision– making;innovation of organization. The above problems increase leadership of NPO uncertainty. So we think the problem of CNPO leadership is rigorous challenge and complex problem.The dissertation analyzed the applicability of complexity science to leadership process; analyzed the applicability of complexity thinking paradigm to leadership theory. The conclusion is a general thought on the leadership problems of CNPO and four maneuverability countermeasures.Science of complexity which is called asthe science of 21centuryresearch on complexity and complex system, it supply a kind of new thinking. Science of complexity which researches uncertainty and complex problem among natural science is contrary on the traditional reductionism, it advocates complex ways to complex problems. Recently, science of complex has applied economy, sociology,history,politics,anthropology and management. Especially, on the field of enterprise management and public administration,complexity science has promoted the development of the subject ,weather used by some theory or a kind of methodology.Complexity management has become a emerging research direction and is increasingly getting the attention of scholars from research institution and university. But we can not find the application to the leadership science. We hope to deal with the problem of leadership of CNPO by the effective combination of complexity thinking paradigm and leadership science and to get a valuable theory and practical exploration.According to the analysis of the applicability of complexity science to leadership activities, we got a series of complexity character of leadership activities. Meanwhile,we got the supply to building new relation between leader and follower from complex adaptive system, the supply to the vision and mission problem from attractor,the enlightenment to development and innovation of organization from dissipative structure theory By carding the mainstream theory of leadership science and leader-member exchange theory,we got the essence of complex thinking paradigm among leadership theory ,and the conclusion of existing applicability of complex science to the study on leadership science .According the front point of view,we got a general thought on the leadership problems of CNPO and four maneuverability countermeasures based on complex thinking paradigm, NPO theory and leadership theory.The general thought means some ideas on which is from simplicity leadership thinking to complexity leadership thinking.The maneuverability countermeasures are four leadership models based on general thought. Chordic leadership is a kind of self–organizing leadership about development and innovation. Mission leadership can rectify the lack of mission in CNPO. Authentic leadership is a leadership model which express leaders grow up with their organization. Mechanism of substitutes for leadership is a series of mechanism which can ensureorganicorganization work and different from leadership mechanism.This dissertation is the initial exploration of the leadership of CNPO based on complexity thinking paradigm. This dissertation tries to encourage the development of leadership science by complexity science application to the leadership science research.