Jinqu Region ,situated in upper reaches Qiantang River of central and western Zhejiang , consists of Jinqu basin and all around of the little basin and mountainous regions. During and after Song Dynasty, as traffic and resources and other factors limit the economy development, Xingdan economy, which was composed of mobile small retailers and craftsmen and men of carrying a load with a pole , became an chief feature for regional economy development, and in course of transferring from traditional agricultural economy to modern industrial economy, it has been playing an important role. This thesis is composed of three sections as follows:The first section discusses land cultivation and population growth, which are region economy development of primary factors. On the basis of building water conservancy projects continual, land cultivation expanded into sand land along the river and mountainous regions all around of basin since Song Dynasty. During this period, population increased from one million in Song Dynasty to four million before War of Kingdom of Heavenly Peace. Because of population growth, population press enhanced gradually, and the people generally was of low living standard .The secend section deals with the development of agriculture and handicraft. As for agriculture, change of planting structure and increased the output in grain and cash crops, promoted change of management-mode and improved standard of commercializatin. As for handicraft, in the course of rise and fall of handicraft trade, we can found traffic and resources and other factors limited the handicraft economy development, thus Xingdan characterized the export of labor and import of resources , promoting the handicraft economy development more and more.The third section discusses commodity circulation and change of market structure. Commodity circulation promoted the development of town economy, and as a result of change of nation-wide market structure after Song Dynasty, Xingdan economy became an essential protagonist in regional economic movement.Finally, this thesis argues that Xingdan economy, has lang and commonly been the whole country and became a primary symobl for backward of China economy after Song Dynasty .However, Xingdan economy in Jinqu region has transformed into modern economy since 1978, so it is of momentous current significance and far-reaching historical significance to study it more profoundly.