The social governance mode of the villages and towns concerns the stability and development of the rural society, concerns the new rural construction of China's socialism.At present, the exploration about the villages and towns governance is mainly on the theory and practice aspects ,but there are little interdynamic with each other,and they both have some shortcomings.In the Post-agricultural tax era,China agricultural policy is undergoing some adjustments,and villages and towns governance mode is facing transitions.There are the direct cause-effect relationship between the Post-agricultural tax era and the villages and towns control.The abolishment of agricultural tax makes the contradiction of the villages and towns society more conspicuous, conversely, and provides different impetus and social surroundings for the villages and towns governance innovatation.From the China political changes trend ,the villages and towns governance in democratic autonomy may be the direction of villages and towns social governance.But considering the traditional history and culture and the current situation of rural society of china, during a relatively long period,the villages and towns which are unsuitable to make a big adjustment as a state, will undertake the important task of countryside modernization of China.However,the villages and towns reformation in the Post-agricultural tax era does not limits to the restructuring of the government organization itself,and must be put an even bigger visual field and frame , and be considered comprehensively from rural politics,economy,society,culture etc. respect and from the government, community, peasants, market, and a great deal of relations in urban and rural areas.The author insists on that the villages and towns governance in the Post-agricultural tax era neither follow the positive administration mode of the past ,nor adopt the negative administration or autonomy of villages and towns,which should take the road to reform and innovate within the existing system ,carry out reformation and innovation of the existing system.This is a problem about how to scientific administration.The innovation of the control mode of villages and towns of scientific administration is a kind of synthesis , whole , plural analysis visual angle and managing thought,which emphasize to develop with the view