Semi-rigid base asphalt pavement have been widely used as a main kind of pavement structures in China for main road in the past twenty years, at the same time, premature distress of such pavements structure have often been connected with the semi-rigid base, bring on a great social influence and a serious waste. The premature distress of semi-rigid base asphalt pavement has become the difficulties and hotspots, obstructing the highway construction development in our country.Asphalt pavement structures are various. After many-year application and practice, The semi-rigid base asphalt pavement structure was choosen by us with a historical choice. However, in the face of the worsening occurrence of the premature distress in semi-rigid base asphalt pavement structure, it becomes the main task and aim of the present time to settle the premature distress problem and advance the long-time performance.Aim at the early premature phenomena of the semi-rigid base asphalt pavement structure, on the basis of summarizing conclusion and test research, this paper classifies the main types of asphalt pavement premature distress, and studies the mechanism of the premature distress in semi-rigid base asphalt pavement structure according to the results of full-scale pavement accelerating loading testings.Designing the structure combination of asphalt pavement is a ultimate method solving the problem of the premature distress of asphalt pavement with a semi-rigid base. Thus, based on the summarization of the experiences of using asphalt pavements in China and the reference of the experiences of designing and using asphalt pavements abroad, this paper puts forward the reasonable structure combination of asphalt pavement; elementarily forms a new frame of structure combination design method of asphalt pavement; via the MTS and filed-bearing-board test, recommends the value of the resilient modulus of the graded broken stone; via the test road and the substantial project, recommends the construction technics and the checking and measuring methods of the graded broken stone base.In purpose of evaluating a commendatory reasonable pavement structure's performance, with the use of the system of international advanced full-scale Accelerated Pavement Testing, the asphalt reasonable structure which was put forward in this paper was validated by testings. The results proved that the commendatory reasonable pavement structure which was mentioned in this paper had better performance.The construction of entity project trial road had laid the foundation for the further research of the long-term performance of asphalt pavement reasonable structure.