For the indeterminism of railway collision and the close concern to transport safety of modern society, crashworthy technology of vehicle structure has already been an important part in railway vehicle design. With the development of high-speed EMU and urban rail vehicle and the enhancement of people's safety consciousness, the passive safety of vehicle design is widely accepted and adopted.In the past 10 years, the passive safety vehicle design was developed quickly and has been used in Engineering, which is more effective than conversional vehicle design in structure crashworthiness. Recently research focused on the interior crashworthiness and the occupant protection in order to minimization injury of passenger. In our country, the research is mainly focus on the vehicle structure crashworthiness. However, the occupant protection, the most important factor in collision was seldom taken into account.According to situation above, this thesis studied techniques of crashworthy on those aspects which were discussed above, based on thinking of passive safety theory.At first, the crashworthiness train design which can cushion impact impulsion and provide efficient safe space for occupant is introduced. On the basis of summarizing the successful experience in crashworthiness design both at home and abroad, passive safety protection system and the crashworthy vehicle are studied in this thesis.After train system protection is introduced, the crash simulation of energy absorbing components in rail vehicle is studied based on non-liner finite element software MSC.DYTRAN and experiments. With two methods, nonlinear FEA simulation and experiment, which are used to study the energy-absorbing elements, the crashworthy performances, such as distortion, crush force and energy absorption of the elements are yielded successfully. After that, round tube and hexagonal aluminum honeycomb which can be used in rail vehicle anti-climber are studied on characteristics of energy absorb performance through FEA simulation and the rational parameters are found.